DATA APPENDIX: Variables and Sources

AFRICA		Dummy Variable for Subsaharan African Countries
AREA			Land Area (in thousands of square kilometers)
			Source: WBSI
BMP			Black Market Exchange Rate Premium
			Source: Picks Currency Yearbook, World Bank Updates
BMS			Standard Deviation of BMP
CGC (L)         	Central Government Gross Capital Formation
			Source: IMFGFS
CIVL			Index of Civil Liberties
			Source:  Barro (1991)
CTX (L)		Ratio of Cen. Govt Corporate Income Tax Revenue to GDP
			Source: IMFGFS
DEE (L)		Ratio of Central Government Defense Expenditure to GDP
			Source: IMFGFS
DEF (L)		Ratio of Central Government Deficit to GDP
			Source: IMFGFS
EDE (L)		Ratio of Government Educational Expenditures to GDP
			Source: IMFGFS
GDC			Growth Rate of Domestic Credit
			Source: IMFIFS
GGCFD			Real Government Capital Formation 
			Source: Barro (1991) 
GG			Growth of Government Consumption Expenditures
			Source: WBNA
GM			Growth of Imports
			Source: WBNA
GOV			Government Consumption Share of Gross Domestic Product
			Source: WBNA
GOVX (L)		Government Consumption less Defense and Education Share of GDP
			Source: GOV - DEE - EDE 
GPO			Growth of Population
			Source: WBSI
GR			Growth of Real per Capita GDP
			Source: SH
GSG			Growth of the Share of Government Consumption (GOV)
			Source: WBNA
GX			Growth of Exports
			Source: WBNA
GYP			Growth of Real per Capita Gross Domestic Product
			Source: WBNA
HSGVX			Share of Real Government Consumption Expenditures minus 			Defense and Education Expenditures
			Source: Barro (1991) 
INV			Investment Share of Gross Domestic Product
			Source: WBNA
ITX (L)		Share of Central Govt Individual Income Tax Revenue to GDP
			Source: IMFGFS
LAAM			Dummy Variable for Latin American Countries
LEAM1			Measure of Overall Trade Openness
			Source: Leamer (1988)
LEAM2			Measure of Overall Trade Intervention
			Source: Leamer (1988)
LIT			Literacy Rate in 1960
			Source: WBSI
MIX			Dummy Variable for Mixed Government
			Source:  Barro (1991)
MSG			Growth of Import Share
			Source: WBNA
MTX (L)		Ratio of Import Taxes to Imports
			Source: IMFGFS, IMFIFS
MP			Measure of Openness based on Import Penetration 
			Source: Residuals of regression of M on RGDP60, RGDP602, 			AREA, POP
M			Import Share of GDP
			Source: WBNA
OECD			Dummy for OECD Countries (members of the Organization for 			Economic Cooperation and Development)
OIL			Dummy for OPEC Countries (members of the Organization of 			Petroleum Exporting Countries)
PI			Average Inflation of GDP Deflator
			Source: WBNA
POP70			Population in 1970
			Source: SH
PRI			Primary Enrollment Rate 1960
			Source: Barro (1991) 
PRJ			Primary Enrollment Rate 1970
			Source: Barro (1991) 
RERD			Real Exchange Rate Distortion
			Source: Dollar (1991)
RERDB			RERD for Summers and Heston Benchmark Countries
REVC			Number of Revolution and Coups per Year
			Source: Barro (91)
RGDPxx		Real GDP per Capita in 19xx
			Source: SH
SCOUT			Dummy for Outward Orientation 
			Source: Syrquin and Chenery (1988)
SEC			Secondary Enrollment Rate 1960
			Source: Barro (1991) 
SED			Secondary Enrollment Rate 1970
			Source: Barro (1991) 
SGOV			Real Government Consumption Share of GDP
			Source: SH
SINV			Real Investment Share of GDP
			Source: SH
SOC			Dummy for Socialist Economy
			Source: Barro (1991) 
SST (L)		Ratio of Social Security Tax Revenue to GDP
			Source: IMFGFS
STDD			Standard Deviation of GDC (Growth of Domestic Credit)
			Source: IMFIFS
STDI			Standard Deviation of PI (inflation)
			Source: WBNA
TAX (L)		Ratio of Central Government Tax Revenue to GDP
			Source: IMFGFS
TEX (L)		Ratio of Total Government Expenditure to GDP
			Source: IMFGFS
TRD			Ratio of Total Trade (exports + imports) to GDP
			Source: WBNA
XSG			Growth of Export Share of GDP
			Source: WBNA
XTX (L)		Ratio of Central Government Export Tax Revenue to Exports
			Source: IMFGFS
X			Export Share of GDP
			Source: WBNA

WBNA     World Bank National Accounts 
WBSI     World Bank Social Indicators
IMFIFS  International Monetary Fund, International Finance Statistics
IMFGFS  International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook
SH	  Summers and Heston
(L) indicates only available for 1974-1989 period



 	Country List
119 Country Sample
                       
  1   AFG Afghanistan      40   HTI     Haiti            80   PRY     Paraguay 
  2   DZA Algeria          41   HND     Honduras         81   PER     Peru 
  3   AGO Angola           42   HKG     Hong Kong        82   PHL     Philippine    4   ARG Argentina        43   ISL     Iceland          83   PRT     Portugal 
  5   AUS Australia        44   IND     India            84   RWA     Rwanda 
  6   AUT Austria          45   IDN     Indonesia        85   SAU     Saudi Arab    7   BGD Bangladesh       46   IRN     Iran             86   SEN     Senegal 
  8   BRB Barbados         47   IRQ     Iraq             87   SLE     Sierra Leo    9   BEL Belgium          48   IRL     Ireland          88   SGP     Singapore 
 10   BOL Bolivia          49   ISR     Israel           89   SOM     Somalia 
 11   BWA Botswana         50   ITA     Italy            90   ZAF     South Afri   12   BRA Brazil           51   JAM     Jamaica          91   ESP     Spain 
 13   BDI Burundi          52   JAP     Japan            92   LKA     Sri Lanka 
 14   CMR Cameroon         53   JOR     Jordan           93   SDN     Sudan 
 15   CAN Canada           54   KEN     Kenya            94   SWZ     Swaziland 
 16   CAF Cent. Afr. Rep   55   KOR     Korea            95   SWE     Sweden 
 17   TCD Chad             56   KWT     Kuwait           96   CHE     Switzerlan   18   CHL Chile            57   LSO     Lesotho          97   SYR     Syria 
 19   COL Colombia         58   LBR     Liberia          98   OAN     Taiwan 
 20   COG Congo            59   LUX     Luxembourg       99   TZA     Tanzania 
 21   CRI Costa Rica       60   MDG     Madagascar      100   THA     Thailand 
 22   CIV Cote D'Ivoire    61   MWI     Malawi          101   TGO     Togo 
 23   CYP Cyprus           62   MYS     Malaysia        102   TTO     Trin. and 
 24   DEN Denmark          63   MLI     Mali            103   TUN     Tunisia 
 25   DOM Dominican Rep.   64   MLT     Malta           104   TUR     Turkey 
 26   ECU Ecuador          65   MRT     Mauritania      105   UGA     Uganda 
 27   EGY Egypt            66   MUS     Mauritius       106   GBR     Great Brit   28   SLV El Salvador      67   MEX     Mexico          107   USA     United Sta   29   ETH Ethiopia         68   MAR     Morocco         108   URY     Uruguay 
 30   FJI Fiji             69   MOZ     Mozambique      109   VEN     Venezuela 
 31   FIN Finland          70   NLD     Netherland      110   YEM     Yemen 
 32   FRA France           71   NZL     New Zealan      111   ZAR     Zaire 
 33   GAB Gabon            72   NIC     Nicaragua       112   ZMB     Zambia 
 34   GMB Gambia           73   NER     Niger           113   ZWE     Zimbabwe 
 35   DEU Germany          74   NGA     Nigeria         114   BUR     Burma 
 36   GHA Ghana            75   NOR     Norway          115   GUY     Guyana 
 37   GRC Greece           76   OMN     Oman            116   BEN     Benin 
 38   GTM Guatemala        77   PAK     Pakistan        117   HVO     Burkina Fa   39   GNB Guinea-Bissau    78   PAN     Panama          118   NPL     Nepal 
                           79   PNG     Pap. New G      119   SUR     Suriname 
